Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) is a naturally occurring vitamin essential for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. This prenylated naphthoquinone is synthesized by plants, green algae, and some cyanobacteria, acting as a vital electron carrier in photosystem I and an electron acceptor for protein disulfide bond formation. In humans, it functions as vitamin K1, commonly found in green leafy vegetables and vegetable oil.
- Exerts antiproliferative effects and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines.
- Reduces risk of type 2 diabetes in elderly subjects.
- Reverses high-fat diet-induced bone deterioration.
- Promotes wound healing through increased contraction and epithelialization.